你怎么使用not or与not nor?

   日期:2023-02-24     来源:网友发布    作者:网友发布    浏览:11    

你怎么使用not or与not nor?

一直以来对于前一个分句否定(采用no, not, never, hardly等形式),而后一个分句到底使用or还是nor——真的是含混不清,也寻找不出什么依据。

——事实却是没有在这个方面下过功夫。

是以产生了本题目,试图寻找个便捷的方法以求解脱。

《牛津英语用法指南》(第三版)第550页

两个否定意思:not…or/ not…nor

如果not否定的是两个或两个以上的动词、名词、形容词等,通常用or来加以连接。

He doesn’t smoke or drink. 他不吸烟也不喝酒。

(不能说:He doesn’t smoke nor drink.)

She wasn’t happy or upset. 她既不生气,也不苦恼。

It’s not on the table or in the cupboard. 它既不在餐桌上,也不在食橱里。

然而,短暂的停顿后面可以用nor,以分隔和强调第二个动词、形容词等。

Our main need is not food, nor money. It is education.

我们的主要需求不是食物,也不是钱,而是教育。(比…food or money更为强调。)

She didn’t phone that day, northe next day.

她那天没打电话,第二天也没有打。(比…or the next day更为强调。)

《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第569页nor连接表示否定的分句。

nor置于第二个分句句首,后接助动词、情态动词或动词be,再接主语,再后如有主动词,接主动词。

The officer didn’t believe me, nor did the girls when they came back.

那位官员不相信我,而那些女孩回来后也不相信。

This argument fails to explain how the present developed countries were able to progress, nordoes it explain the recent success of some of the developing countries.

这条论据并没能对当今发达国家是怎样得到发展的作出解释,同样,对一些发展中国家最近所取得的成功也未作出解释。

andbut可以置于nor之前。

I would have nothing to do with it, and norwould most of us.

我对此无任何关系,我们大多数人也一样。

Institutions of learning are not taxed; but nor,in many cases, are they much respected.

学术机构不用上税,不过大多数情况下它们也得不到尊重。

nor通常不置于句首,但有时为了使句子更有力或更富有戏剧性也置于句首。

Despite these strong calls, there has been little official action. Nor has the government shown interest in assessing energy conservation’s cost-effectiveness. 尽管呼声强烈,但官方一直没有采取行动,而政府对评估保护能源的费用的有效程度也没表现出任何兴趣。

I do not want these letters. Nor do I even want any copies.

我不想要这些信,一封都不想要。

《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第630页or与否定词连用。

在否定词后面用or而不用and

例如:我不喜欢咖啡或茶。

误:I do not like coffee and tea.

正:I do not like coffee or tea.

The situation is just not fair on the children or their parents.

这情形对孩子们或家长们都不公平。

Price is not always an indicator of quality or suitability.

价格不总是质量或适用性的指示物。

I am not detached or remote. 我没有感到孤立或疏远。

The reflectors still work because they have no batteries or circuits to wear out.

反射器仍然在工作,因为它们没有电池或电路损耗。

《葛传槼英语惯用法词典》第391页nor词条

nor前面也可以有and。例如:You cannot do that, and nor can I.

and nor远不及nor普通。偶尔在nor前面用but

例如:I didn’t see it, but nor did you.

He can neither read nor write里当然用nor,不可用or,He cannot either read or write里当然用or,不可用nor。

He cannot read nor/or write里用ornor都可以,现在用or比用nor普通。

但He cannot read, nor write(read后面有逗号)和He does not ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor swim(ride, shoot和fish后面都有逗号)里的nor都不可改作or。

注意下面每组里的两句:

Jack had no tea or coffee. (没有逗号)

Jack had no tea, nor coffee. (有逗号)

He has never heard of her or of her sister. (没有逗号)

He has never heard of her, nor of her sister. (有逗号)

“他不曾去,也不会去”可以说He did not go, nor will beHe did not come and will not,不可说He did not come or will not。

《文馨当代英汉词典》第1256页nor词条

She has no experience in typing, or does the skill interest her. ——这种说法是不可以的。

不过,She has no experience or interest in typing. (她对于打字没有经验,也没有兴趣)这种说法是好的。

They will not permit the change of the plan, or even think of it. (他们不允许计划的变更,甚至不会想到变更)= They will not permit the change of the plan, nor will they even think of it.

——这种句子里,如果后半部为不含有主语和谓语动词的不完整从句时,可以用or

综合上述可见:

1)在(一分句为否定句,其后)有逗号,且另一分句中主语、谓语俱全的情形下,使用nor

2)nor是否定两者或两者以上内容,句中有三个以上的被否定项,常使用nor。

3)在前有and或but时,使用nor,而非or,即and nor或but nor。

4)no/not/never大多与or搭配使用。

(当然也有not…nor更为强调语气的情形存在,但并不多见,也不建议这样使用。)

5)either…or…,neither…nor…与He can’t/cannot read or(或用nor,但不多见)write算是固定搭配。

【注意】这里没有讨论前句为肯定句,而后的分句前使用nor或or的情景。

下面是几道高考英语相关真题:

2004年高考英语,江苏卷第1题,

I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _______.

A: anyone B: anyone else C: no one D: no one else

2005年高考英语,全国3卷第16题,

Mary never does any reading in the evening,_________.

A: so does John B: John does too

C: John doesn’t too D: nor does John

2007年高考英语,湖南卷第21题,

Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _________ the way they actually are.

A: as B: or C: but D: and

2012年高考英语,四川卷第5题,

This is no my story, nor____________ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

A: is there B: there is C: is it D: it is

题干中出现了no…nor...既不……,也不……的搭配。

2012年高考英语,重庆卷第33题,

The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ___________ it a thought.

A: does he even give B: he even gives

C: will he even give D: he will even give

【注意以上题目中的标点符号】

高考英语中考查no/not/never与or的搭配有实例,不仅见于单选,也见于完形填空。

no/not/never…or…真的是每年必考的知识点。我本人是必定给学生强调此处,引起高度重视,怕的就是陷入“命题陷阱”。

因本人才疏学浅、参考资料有所不足,必有疏漏之处,还请海涵,也真诚欢迎实例指正。

2017年8月15日

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